Featured
Citrus × limon (lemon): cold-pressed oil and ISO 855
Citrus × limon (L.) Osbeck
Citrus × limon (L.) Osbeck: accepted name, shared IPNI identifier with Citrus limon, one cold-pressed pericarp oil sample, ISO 855:2003.
View details55 plants in our database
Aromatic Plants & Raw Materials
List of aromatic plants and raw materials: each page gives the botanical name, the family and the status of the name per Kew.
Taxandria
Agonis fragrans (synonym of Taxandria fragrans)
Taxandria fragrans (J.R.Wheeler & N.G.Marchant) J.R.Wheeler & N.G.Marchant
Agonis fragrans (Myrtaceae): per Kew, a synonym of Taxandria fragrans (J.R.Wheeler & N.G.Marchant) J.R.Wheeler & N.G.Marchant.
Precious Woods
Amyris balsamifera (Rutaceae): oil of amyris
Amyris balsamifera L.
Amyris balsamifera: what two studies report on the composition of its essential oil, how it was analysed, and the ISO standard naming oil of amyris.
Spices
Angelica archangelica: root and seed essential oils
Angelica archangelica L.
Angelica archangelica essential oils: a hydrodistilled root oil analysed by GC-MS, steam-distilled seed oils and a commercial control oil.
Precious Woods
Aniba rosodora Ducke (rosewood): identity, ISO 3761
Aniba rosodora Ducke
Aniba rosodora Ducke, rosewood (Lauraceae): name accepted by Kew; ISO 3761:2005 (Oil of rosewood, Brazilian type) covers two Aniba species, this one too.
Spices
Apium graveolens L. (celery): identity, ISO 3760
Apium graveolens L.
Apium graveolens L., celery (Apiaceae): name accepted by Kew and the ISO 3760:2002 standard for the oil of its seed.
Precious Woods
Aquilaria malaccensis (Agarwood): Wood, Oils and CITES
Aquilaria malaccensis Lam.
Aquilaria malaccensis Lam.: what two 2020 studies report on the wood and its oils (hydrodistillation, subcritical water, GC/MS); CITES Appendix II.
Aromatic Plants
Artemisia dracunculus L. (tarragon): identity, ISO 10115
Artemisia dracunculus L.
Artemisia dracunculus L., tarragon (Asteraceae): name accepted by Kew and the ISO 10115:2013 standard for its essential oil.
Aromatic Plants
Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort): name and leaf oils
Artemisia vulgaris L.
Artemisia vulgaris L. (mugwort), accepted name in WCVP (Asteraceae); GC-MS of two hydrodistilled leaf oils: Manipur (Singh 2023), Brazil (Malik 2019).
Spices
Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.): seed oil and ISO 3061
Piper nigrum L.
Black pepper, Piper nigrum L. (Piperaceae): in one study its seed oil holds 37.42% β-caryophyllene and 13.35% limonene; ISO 3061:2008 names the oil.
Spices
Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum): Oil Composition, ISO 4733
Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton
Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton, cardamom: 1,8-cineole and α-terpinyl acetate in its oil, seed oil yields by hydrodistillation and DIC, ISO 4733:2004.
Spices
Cinnamomum verum J.Presl (Ceylon cinnamon): bark oil studies
Cinnamomum verum J.Presl
Ceylon cinnamon, Cinnamomum verum J.Presl (syn. C. zeylanicum Blume, Kew WCVP): two analyses of its bark oil (2020, 2026); EU allergen entry 349.
Aromatic Plants
Cistus - Cistus ladanifer L.
Cistus ladanifer L.
Cistus ladanifer L. (Cistaceae): what labdanum is, how its resin and absolute are obtained, and ECHA CHEM entries for Cistus ladaniferus.
Citrus
Citrus × bergamia (bergamot): identity, ISO 3520
Citrus × limon (L.) Osbeck
Citrus × bergamia, bergamot (Rutaceae): botanical identity per Kew (synonym of Citrus × limon (L.) Osbeck), ISO 3520:2022, EU allergen entry 352.
Citrus
Citrus × limon (lemon): cold-pressed oil and ISO 855
Citrus × limon (L.) Osbeck
Citrus × limon (L.) Osbeck: accepted name, shared IPNI identifier with Citrus limon, one cold-pressed pericarp oil sample, ISO 855:2003.
Citrus
Citrus × paradisi (grapefruit): identity, ISO 3053
Citrus × aurantium f. aurantium
Citrus × paradisi, grapefruit (Rutaceae): botanical identity per Kew (synonym of Citrus × aurantium f. aurantium) and the ISO 3053:2004 standard.
Citrus
Citrus × sinensis (sweet orange): identity, ISO 3140
Citrus × aurantium f. aurantium
Citrus × sinensis, sweet orange (Rutaceae): botanical identity per Kew (synonym of Citrus × aurantium f. aurantium), ISO 3140:2019.
Spices
Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander): identity, ISO 3516
Coriandrum sativum L.
Coriandrum sativum L., coriander (Apiaceae): name accepted by Kew and the ISO 3516:1997 standard for the oil of its fruits.
Spices
Cuminum cyminum L. (cumin): identity, ISO 9301
Cuminum cyminum L.
Cuminum cyminum L., cumin (Apiaceae): name accepted by Kew and the ISO 9301:2003 standard for the oil of its seed.
Conifers
Cupressus sempervirens L. (cypress): identity, ISO 20809
Cupressus sempervirens L.
Cupressus sempervirens L., cypress (Cupressaceae): name accepted by Kew and the ISO 20809:2017 standard for its essential oil.
Spices
Curcuma longa L. (turmeric): rhizome oil, ISO
Curcuma longa L.
Curcuma longa L. (turmeric), accepted name in WCVP: rhizome oil from two studies (fresh, Nigeria; dried, Iran), LD50 i.p. in mice, ISO 5562 and 5566.
Aromatic Plants
Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass): identity, ISO 3217
Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf
Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, lemongrass (Poaceae): name accepted by Kew, ISO 3217:1974, EU allergen entry 354.
Aromatic Plants
Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) Will.Watson: palmarosa oil
Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) Will.Watson
Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) Will.Watson, palmarosa (Poaceae): name per Kew and IPNI, oil hydrodistilled in one Himalayan study, ISO 4727 standards.
Resins & Gums
Elemi - Canarium luzonicum
Canarium luzonicum (Blume) A.Gray
Canarium luzonicum (Blume) A.Gray, elemi (Burseraceae): botanical identity per Kew.
Spices
Foeniculum vulgare: fruit oil in two studies
Foeniculum vulgare Mill.
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. per WCVP; fruit oil of Shahat et al. (2011) and Mina et al. (2024): cultivation, hydrodistillation, analysis, yield.
Resins & Gums
Galbanum - Ferula galbaniflua
Ferula gummosa Boiss.
Ferula galbaniflua, galbanum (Apiaceae): botanical identity per Kew (synonym of Ferula gummosa Boiss.) and the ISO 14716:1998 standard.
Aromatic Plants
Helichrysum italicum (immortelle): Italian, Adriatic oils
Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G.Don
Helichrysum italicum: a hydrodistilled oil from southern Italy (Mancini 2011) and the oils of 18 Adriatic populations (Ninčević Runjić 2025).
Spices
Illicium verum: star anise fruit, pericarp oils, ISO 11016
Illicium verum Hook.f.
Illicium verum, star anise: hydrodistilled oils of the dry fruit (Huang et al. 2010, Guangxi) and pericarp (Périno et al. 2019); ISO 11016.
Conifers
Juniper (Juniperus communis L.): berry oil and cone oil
Juniperus communis L.
Juniper (Juniperus communis L.): α-pinene at 51.4% in a Bulgarian berry oil and 22% in a cone oil; ISO 8897:2010 names the berry oil.
Citrus
Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC.): leaf oil and pericarp oil
Citrus hystrix DC.
Kaffir lime, Citrus hystrix DC.: leaf oil from four locations in Java, a hydrodistilled pericarp oil and a supercritical CO2 extract.
Aromatic Plants
Laurus nobilis L.: identity, EU allergen entry 359
Laurus nobilis L.
Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae): name accepted by Kew; EU allergen, Regulation (EU) 2023/1545, Annex III entry 359, Laurus nobilis oil.
Resins & Gums
Liquidambar orientalis: styrax, its oil and IFRA Standard
Liquidambar orientalis Mill.
Styrax of grafted trees in China compared by GC-MS (Huang 2024), oil hydrodistilled from a Muğla balsam (İlhan 2026), IFRA Styrax standard.
Aromatic Plants
Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers.: identity, ISO 3214
Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers.
Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. (Lauraceae): accepted name per Kew; ISO 3214:2000 standard (oil of Litsea cubeba).
Aromatic Plants
Mentha × piperita L.: name, one oil from Morocco, ISO 856
Mentha × piperita L.
Mentha × piperita L. (Lamiaceae): WCVP and IPNI records, composition of one oil from plants harvested in Taounate, Morocco (Chraibi et al. 2017), ISO 856.
Spices
Myristica fragrans Houtt. (nutmeg): seed oil, ISO 3215
Myristica fragrans Houtt.
Myristica fragrans Houtt., nutmeg (Myristicaceae): name accepted by Kew, seed oil in two studies (Indonesia, Grenada), ISO 3215:1998.
Resins & Gums
Myrrh (Commiphora myrrha): Species and Botanical Identity
Commiphora myrrha (T.Nees) Engl.
Which Commiphora species are named myrrh, how the gum-resin is obtained, CITES listing, composition, monographs, animal studies and skin reactions.
Spices
Origanum vulgare: drying, oregano oil yield and carvacrol
Origanum vulgare L.
Caputo et al. (2022) dried one batch of Origanum vulgare L. six ways before hydrodistillation and compared moisture, oregano oil yield and carvacrol.
Aromatic Plants
Pelargonium graveolens L'Hér.: identity, EU allergen 364
Pelargonium graveolens L'Hér.
Pelargonium graveolens L'Hér. (Geraniaceae): name accepted by Kew; EU allergen entry 364, Pelargonium graveolens oil (Regulation (EU) 2023/1545).
Spices
Pimpinella anisum: anise fruit and seed oils, ISO 3475
Pimpinella anisum L.
Pimpinella anisum L.: oils hydrodistilled from dried fruits (Alomar 2022, Egypt) and seeds (Fitsiou 2016, Greece), compound tables, ISO 3475:2020.
Aromatic Plants
Pogostemon cablin (patchouli): distillation and compounds
Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth.
Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth., patchouli (Lamiaceae): oil yield by condenser water flow and drying time (Smith 2024), oil compounds (Ginting 2023).
Flowers
Polianthes tuberosa (tuberose): absolutes, oil
Polianthes tuberosa L.
Tuberose, scientific name Polianthes tuberosa L.: enfleurage and solvent absolutes, essential oil, hydrosol and flower emissions analysed by GC-MS.
Aromatic Plants
Rosa × damascena Herrm.: rose oil, concretes, absolutes
Rosa × damascena Herrm.
Erbaş and Baydar (2016): fresh flowers by HS-SPME, rose oil and distillation waters by GC-FID, concretes and absolutes from five solvents; ISO 9842.
Aromatic Plants
Rosemary oil, camphor chemotype
Salvia rosmarinus Spenn.
Rosemary oil, camphor chemotype: species name, European Pharmacopoeia ranges, a study of wild rosemary from Algeria, ISO 1342, documented camphor hazards.
Aromatic Plants
Rosemary oil, verbenone chemotype
Salvia rosmarinus Spenn.
Rosemary oil, verbenone chemotype: species name, how studies classify samples that contain verbenone, European Pharmacopoeia ranges, ISO 1342, registers.
Aromatic Plants
Salvia rosmarinus Spenn.: rosemary oil, Ph. Eur., ISO 1342
Salvia rosmarinus Spenn.
Ph. Eur. and HMPC: rosemary oil, Moroccan and Tunisian type ranges, Clevenger or microwave hydrodistillation (Elyemni 2019), ISO 1342.
Precious Woods
Santalum album: sandalwood oils, analysis, ISO 3518, CITES
Santalum album L.
Santalum album L. oils analysed by GC-QTOF MS (Abd Algaffar et al. 2024), santalol share in each oil, ISO 3518 editions, CITES and EU law.
Precious Woods
Santalum spicatum: Australian sandalwood tree
Santalum spicatum (R.Br.) A.DC.
Santalum spicatum, Australian sandalwood: E,E-farnesol and santalols in ethanol heartwood extracts from three regions of Western Australia; ISO 22769.
Aromatic Plants
Sweet basil
Ocimum basilicum L.
Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.): ISO 11043, composition of basil oils by study, methyl chavicol (estragole) content, toxicological assessments, IFRA.
Aromatic Plants
Tea Tree - Melaleuca alternifolia
Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel
Tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia): species, steam distillation, composition, ageing of the oil, documented hazards and EU allergen labelling.
Aromatic Plants
Thyme oil, thymol type
Thymus vulgaris L.
Thyme oil, thymol type (Thymus vulgaris L., Thymus zygis L.): Ph. Eur. and ISO names, distillation, composition by batch, registers, thymol classification.
Spices
Thymus vulgaris ‘linalool’ grown three years in Tuscany
Thymus vulgaris L.
The ‘linalool’ chemotype of thyme (Najar et al. 2021): grown in Tuscany, oils by hydrodistillation (2017–2019) and steam distillation (2018, 2019).
Flowers
Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn.: Cassie (Fabaceae)
Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn.
Acacia farnesiana, cassie (Fabaceae): botanical identity per Kew, which lists the name as a synonym of Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn.
Aromatic Plants
Vetiver, Chrysopogon zizanioides: scientific name, root oil
Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty
Vetiver's accepted name is Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty, syn. Vetiveria zizanioides. Root oil: khusimol at 30.0 %RA in one study; ISO 4716:2013.
Aromatic Plants
Vogtia annua (L.) Oberpr. & Sonboli: Blue Tansy oil
Vogtia annua (L.) Oberpr. & Sonboli
Vogtia annua (L.) Oberpr. & Sonboli (Asteraceae): accepted by Kew for Tanacetum annuum, the source's name; oil from one Moroccan study.
Aromatic Plants
Ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata): flower oil, yield, compounds
Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson
Cananga odorata (ylang-ylang): flower oil yield by SFME, HD and SD, compounds identified in two studies, the ISO 3063 standard and an EU entry.
Aromatic Spices
Zingiber officinale (ginger): rhizome oil yields, compounds
Zingiber officinale Roscoe
Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae): ginger rhizome oil yields and compounds, dried in Sri Lanka (2021), fresh Bentong in Malaysia (2022).
No plants found
Try modifying your filters or search terms.